psconvert¶
Convert [E]PS file(s) to other formats using Ghostscript
Synopsis¶
gmt psconvert psfiles [ -A[+r][+u] ] [ -Cgs_option ] [ -Doutdir ] [ -Eresolution ] [ -Fout_name ] [ -Gghost_path ] [ -Hscale ] [ -I[+mmargins][+s[m]width[/height]][+Sscale] ] [ -Llist ] [ -Mb|fpslayer ] [ -N[+ffade][+gpaint][+i][+p[pen]] ] [ -Q[g|p|t][1|2|4] ] [ -S ] [ -Tb|e|E|f|F|j|g|G|m|s|t[+m][+qquality] ] [ -V[level] ] [ -W[+aaltmode[alt]][+c][+fminfade/maxfade][+g][+k][+lminLOD/maxLOD][+nlayername][+ofoldername][+tdocname][+uURL] ] [ -Z ] [ --PAR=value ]
Note: No space is allowed between the option flag and the associated arguments.
Description¶
psconvert converts one or more PostScript files to other formats (BMP, EPS, JPEG, PDF, PNG, PPM, SVG, TIFF) using Ghostscript. Input file names are read from the command line or from a file that lists them. The size of the resulting images is determined by the BoundingBox (or HiResBoundingBox, if present). As an option, a tight (HiRes)BoundingBox may be computed first. As another option, it can compute ESRI type world files used to reference, for instance, tif files and make them be recognized as geotiff. Note: If the PostScript file calls on any of the Adobe PDF transparency extensions and PDF is not the selected output format, then the file will first be converted to a temporary PDF file (for the transparency to take effect) before converting the PDF to the desired output format.
Required Arguments¶
- psfiles
Names of PostScript files to be converted. The output files will have the same name (unless -F is used) but with the conventional extension name associated to the raster format (e.g., .jpg for the jpeg format). Use -D to redirect the output to a different directory.
Optional Arguments¶
- -A[+r][+u]
Adjust the BoundingBox and HiResBoundingBox to the minimum required by the image content. Append +u to first remove any GMT-produced time-stamps. Append +r to round the HighResBoundingBox instead of using the
ceilfunction. This is going against Adobe Law but can be useful when creating very small images where the difference of one pixel might matter. If -V is used we also report the dimensions of the final illustration.
- -Cgs_option
Specify a single, custom option that will be passed on to Ghostscript as is. Repeat to add several options [none].
- -Doutdir
Sets an alternative output directory (which must exist) [Default is the same directory as the PS files]. Use -D. to place the output in the current directory instead.
- -Eresolution
Set raster resolution in dpi [default = 720 for PDF, 300 for others]. Note: Ghostscript limits the final width and height pixel dimensions of a raster to be less than or equal to 65536.
- -Fout_name
Force the output file name. By default output names are constructed using the input names as base, which are appended with an appropriate extension. Use this option to provide a different name, but without extension. Extension is still determined automatically.
- -Gghost_path
Full path to your Ghostscript executable. NOTE: For Unix systems this is generally not necessary. Under Windows, the Ghostscript path is now fetched from the registry. If this fails you can still add the GS path to system’s path or give the full path here. (e.g., -Gc:\programs\gs\gs9.02\bin\gswin64c). WARNING: because of the poor decision of embedding the bits on the gs exe name we cannot satisfy both the 32 and 64 bits Ghostscript executable names. So in case of ‘get from registry’ failure the default name (when no -G is used) is the one of the 64 bits version, or gswin64c
- -Hscale
Given the finite dots-per-unit used to rasterize PostScript frames to rasters, the quantizing of features to discrete pixel will lead to rounding. Some of this is mitigated by the anti-aliasing settings (-Q) which affect lines and text only. The given scale temporarily increases the effective dots-per-unit by scale, rasterizes the plot, then down-samples the image by the same scale at the end. The larger the scale, the smoother the raster. Because processing time increases with scale we suggest you try values in the 2-5 range. Note that raster images can also suffer from quantizing when the original data have much higher resolution than your raster pixel dimensions. The -H option may then be used to smooth the result to avoid aliasing [no downsampling].
- -I[+mmargins][+s[m]width[/height]][+Sscale]
Adjust the BoundingBox and HiResBoundingBox by scaling and/or adding margins. Append +m to specify extra margins to extend the bounding box. Give either one (uniform), two (x and y) or four (individual sides) margins; append unit [Default is set by PROJ_LENGTH_UNIT]. Append +swidth to resize the output image to exactly width units. The default unit is set by PROJ_LENGTH_UNIT but you can append a new unit and/or impose different width and height (Note: This may change the image aspect ratio). What happens here is that Ghostscript will do the re-interpolation work and the final image will retain the DPI resolution set by -E. Append +sm to set a maximum size and the new width is only imposed if the original figure width exceeds it. Append /height to also impose a maximum height in addition to the width. Alternatively, append +Sscale to scale the image by a constant factor.
- -Llist
The list is an ASCII file with the names of the PostScript files to be converted.
- -Mb|fpslayer
Sandwich the current psfile between an optional background (-Mb) and optional foreground (-Mf) Postscript plots. These files are expected to be stand-alone plots that will align when stacked.
- -N[+ffade][+gpaint][+i][+p[pen]]
Set optional BoundingBox fill color, fading, or draw the outline of the BoundingBox. Append +ffade to fade the entire plot towards black (100%) [no fading, 0]. Append +gpaint to paint the BoundingBox behind the illustration and append +p[pen] to draw the BoundingBox outline (append a pen or accept the default pen of 0.25p,black). Note: If both +g and +f are used then we use paint as the fade color instead of black. Append +i to enforce gray-shades by using ICC profiles. Ghostscript versions >= 9.00 change gray-shades by using ICC profiles. Ghostscript 9.05 and above provide the ‘-dUseFastColor=true’ option to prevent that and that is what psconvert does by default, unless modifier +i is set. Note that for Ghostscript >= 9.00 and < 9.05 the gray-shade shifting is applied to all but PDF format. We have no solution to offer other than suggesting you upgrade Ghostscript.
- -Q[g|p|t][1|2|4]
Set the anti-aliasing options for graphics or text. Append the size of the subsample box (1, 2, or 4) [4]. For vector formats the default is no anti-aliasing (same as bits = 1). For any raster format the default setting is -Qt4, while transparent PNG also adds -Qg2. These defaults may be overruled manually. Optionally, select -Qp to turn on generation of Geo PDFs (requires -Tf as well).
- -S
Print to standard error the Ghostscript command after it has been executed. This option also prevent all intermediate files from being removed.
- -Tb|e|E|f|F|j|g|G|m|s|t[+m][+qquality]
Sets the output format, where b means BMP, e means EPS, E means EPS with PageSize command, f means PDF, F means multi-page PDF, j means JPEG, g means PNG, G means transparent PNG (untouched regions are transparent), m means PPM, s means SVG, and t means TIFF [default is JPEG]. To bjgt you can append +m in order to get a monochrome (grayscale) image. To j you can append +q to change JPEG quality in 0-100 range [90]. The EPS format can be combined with any of the other formats. For example, -Tef creates both an EPS and a PDF file. The -TF creates a multi-page PDF file from the list of input PS or PDF files. It requires the -F option. See also NOTES below.
- -V[level]
Select verbosity level [w]. (See full description) (See cookbook information).
- -W[+aaltmode[alt]][+c][+fminfade/maxfade][+g][+k][+lminLOD/maxLOD][+nlayername][+ofoldername][+tdocname][+uURL]
Write an ESRI type world file suitable to make .tif files be recognized as geotiff by software that know how to do it. Be aware, however, that different results are obtained depending on the image contents and if the -B option has been used or not. The trouble with the -B option is that it creates a frame and very likely its annotations. That introduces pixels outside the map data extent, and therefore the map extents estimation will be wrong. To avoid this problem use --MAP_FRAME_TYPE=inside option which plots all annotations and ticks inside the image and therefore does not compromise the coordinate computations. Pay attention also to the cases when the plot has any of the sides with whites only because than the algorithm will fail miserably as those whites will be eaten by the Ghostscript. In that case you really must use -B or use a slightly off-white color.
Together with -V it prints on screen the gdal_translate (gdal_translate is a command line tool from the GDAL package) command that reads the raster + world file and creates a true geotiff file. Append +g to do a system call to gdal_translate and create a geoTIFF image right away. The output file will have a .tiff extension.
The world file naming follows the convention of jamming a ‘w’ in the file extension. So, if output is tif -Tt the world file is a .tfw, for jpeg we have a .jgw and so on. Note: This option automatically sets -A -P. Append +c to not crop the image.
Append +k to create a minimalist KML file that allows loading the image in GoogleEarth. Note that for this option to work it is necessary that the postscript image must have been created with -JX or -Jx Cartesian projection of geographical coordinates. If not, a warning is issued but the KML file is created anyway. Several modifier options are available to customize the KML file in the form of +opt strings. Append +ttitle to set the document title [GMT KML Document], +nlayername to set the layer name, and +a/altmode[altitude] to select one of 5 altitude modes recognized by Google Earth that determines the altitude (in m) of the image: G clamped to the ground, g append altitude relative to ground, a append absolute altitude, s append altitude relative to seafloor, and S clamp it to the seafloor. Control visibility of the layer with the +lminLOD/maxLOD and +fminfade/maxfade options. Finally, if you plan to leave the image itself on a server and only distribute the KML, use +uURL to prepend the URL to the image reference. If you are building a multi-component KML file then you can issue a KML snipped without the KML header and trailer by using the +ofoldername modification; it will enclose the image and associated KML code within a KML folder of the specified name. See the KML documentation for further explanation.
Note: If any of your titles or names contain a plus symbol next to a letter it can be confused with an option modifier. Escape such plus signs by placing a backslash in front of it. Alternatively, enclose the string in double quotes and then the entire -W argument in single-quotes (or vice versa).
Further notes on the creation of georeferenced rasters. psconvert can create a georeferenced raster image with a world file OR uses GDAL to convert the GMT PostScript file to geotiff. GDAL uses PROJ for its projection library. To provide with the information it needs to do the georeferencing, GMT 4.5 embeds a comment near the start of the PostScript file defining the projection using PROJ syntax. Users with pre-GMT v4.5 PostScript files, or even non-GMT ps files, can provide the information psconvert requires by manually editing a line into the PostScript file, prefixed with %%PROJ.
For example the command:
gmt coast -JM0/12c -R-10/-4/37/43 -W1 -Di -Bg30m --MAP_FRAME_TYPE=inside -ps caraadds this comment line:
%%PROJ: merc -10.0 -4.0 37.0 43.0 -1113194.908 -445277.963 4413389.889 5282821.824 +proj=merc +lon_0=0 +k=-1 +x_0=0 +y_0=0 +a=6378137.0 +b=6356752.314245 +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs
where ‘merc’ is the keyword for the coordinate conversion; the 2 to 5th elements contain the map limits, 6 to 9th the map limits in projected coordinates and the rest of the line has the regular PROJ string for this projection.
- -Z
Remove the input PostScript file(s) after the conversion. The input file(s) will not be removed in case of failures.
- -^ or just -
Print a short message about the syntax of the command, then exit (NOTE: on Windows just use -).
- -+ or just +
Print an extensive usage (help) message, including the explanation of any module-specific option (but not the GMT common options), then exit.
- -? or no arguments
Print a complete usage (help) message, including the explanation of all options, then exit.
- --PAR=value
Temporarily override a GMT default setting; repeatable. See gmt.conf for parameters.
Notes¶
The conversion to raster images (BMP, JPEG, PNG, PPM or TIFF) inherently results in loss of details that are available in the original PostScript file. Choose a resolution that is large enough for the application that the image will be used for. For web pages, smaller dpi values suffice, for Word documents and PowerPoint presentations a higher dpi value is recommended. psconvert uses the loss-less DEFLATE compression technique when creating PDF and PNG files and LZW compression for TIFF images. For smaller dpi images, such as required for building animations, the use of -Qt4 and -Qg4 may help sharpen text and lines, as will the -H option.
EPS is a vector (not a raster) format. Therefore, the -E option has no effect on the creation of EPS files. Using the option -Te will remove setpagedevice commands from the PostScript file and will adjust the BoundingBox when the -A option is used. Note the original and required BoundingBox is limited to integer points, hence Adobe added the optional HiResBoundingBox to add more precision in sizing. The -A option calculates both and writes both to the EPS file and is subsequently used in any rasterization, if requested. When the -TE option is used, a new setpagedevice command is added that will indicate the actual pagesize for the plot, similar to the BoundingBox. Note that when the command setpagedevice exists in a PostScript file that is included in another document, this can wreak havoc on the printing or viewing of the overall document. Hence, -TE should only be used for “standalone” PostScript files.
Although PDF and SVG are also vector formats, the -E option has an effect on the resolution of pattern fills and fonts that are stored as bitmaps in the document. psconvert therefore uses a larger default resolution when creating PDF and SVG files. -E also determines the resolution of the boundingbox values used to indicate the size of the output PDF. In order to obtain high-quality PDF or SVG files, the /prepress options are in effect, allowing only loss-less DEFLATE compression of raster images embedded in the PostScript file.
Although psconvert was developed as part of the GMT, it can be used to convert PostScript files created by nearly any graphics program. However, -A+u is GMT-specific.
The ghostscript program continues to be developed and occasionally its developers make decisions that affect psconvert. As of version 9.16 the SVG device has been removed. Fortunately, quality SVG graphics can be obtained by first converting to PDF and then install and use the package pdf2svg.
See Including GMT Graphics into your Documents of the GMT Technical Reference and Cookbook for more information on how psconvert is used to produce graphics that can be inserted into other documents (articles, presentations, posters, etc.).
The conversion to Geo PDFs have proven unstable and could create PDF files that could not be opened. We have therefore made this an optional setting that now requires the -Qp option to activate, since most users are unaware of GeoPDFs anyway.
Examples¶
Note: Below are some examples of valid syntax for this module.
The examples that use remote files (file names starting with @)
can be cut and pasted into your terminal for testing.
Other commands requiring input files are just dummy examples of the types
of uses that are common but cannot be run verbatim as written.
To convert the file psfile.ps to PNG using a tight BoundingBox:
gmt psconvert psfile.ps -A -Tg
To convert the file map.ps to PDF, crop, then extend the BoundingBox by 0.2 cm, fill it with lightblue paint and draw outline with a thick pen:
gmt psconvert map.ps -A -I+m0.2c -N+glightblue+pthick -Tf
To create a 5 cm PNG version at 300 dpi of our cropped example_01.ps file:
gmt psconvert example_01.ps -A -I+s5c -Tg
To create a 3 pages PDF file from 3 individual PS files:
gmt psconvert -TF -Fabc a.ps b.ps c.ps
To create a simple linear map with coast and convert it to tif with a .tfw the tight BoundingBox computation:
gmt coast -JX12cd -R-10/-4/37/43 -W1 -Di -Bg30m -G200 --MAP_FRAME_TYPE=inside -ps cara
gmt psconvert cara.ps -Tt -W
To create a Mercator version of the above example and use GDAL to produce a true geotiff file:
gmt coast -JM0/12c -R-10/-4/37/43 -W1 -Di -Bg30m -G200 --MAP_FRAME_TYPE=inside -ps cara
gdalwarp -s_srs +proj=merc cara.tif carageo.tiff
To create a Polar Stereographic geotiff file of Patagonia:
gmt coast -JS-55/-60/15c -R-77/-55/-57.5/-48r -Di -Gred -Bg2 --MAP_FRAME_TYPE=inside -ps patagonia
gmt psconvert patagonia.ps -Tt -W+g -V
To create a simple KML file for use in Google Earth, try:
gmt grdimage lonlatgrid.nc -Jx1 -Ccolors.cpt -B0g2 --MAP_FRAME_TYPE=inside -ps tile
gmt psconvert tile.ps -Tg -W+k+t"my title"+l256/-1 -V
(These commands assume that Ghostscript can be found in your system’s path.)
Ghostscript Options¶
Most of the conversions done in psconvert are handled by Ghostscript. On most Unixes this program is available as gs; for Windows there is a version called gswin32c. Ghostscript accepts a rich selection of command-line options that modify its behavior. Many of these are set indirectly by the options available above. However, hard-core usage may require some users to add additional options to fine-tune the result. Use -S to examine the actual command used, and add custom options via one or more instances of the -C option. For instance, to turn on image interpolation for all images, improving image quality for scaled images at the expense of speed, use -C-dDOINTERPOLATE. See www.ghostscript.com for complete documentation.
Making KMZ files¶
If you have made a series of KML files (which may depend on other items like local PNG images), you can consolidate these into a single KMZ file for saving space and for grouping related files together. The bash function gmt_build_kmz in the gmt_shell_functions.sh can be used to do this. You need to source gmt_shell_functions.sh first before you can use it.