Remote Data Sets¶
A remote data set is a data set that is stored on one or more remote servers. It may be a single grid file or a collection of subset tiles making up a larger grid. They are not distributed with GMT or installed during the installation procedures. GMT offers several remote global data grids that you can access via our remote file mechanism. The first time you access one of these files, GMT will download the file (or a subset tile) from the selected GMT server and save it to the server directory under your GMT user directory [~/.gmt]. From then on we read the local file from there.
By using the remote file mechanism you should know that these files, on the server, will change from time to time (i.e., new versions are released, a problem in one file is fixed, or a dataset becomes obsolete), and GMT will take actions accordingly. It is our policy to only supply the latest version of any dataset that undergoes revisions. If you require previous versions for your work you will need to get those data from the data provider separately. Unless you deactivate the remote data service, GMT will do the following when you request a remote file in a GMT command:
We check if the locally cached catalog with information about the data available from the server is up-to-date or if it needs to be refreshed. If the file is older that the GMT_DATA_UPDATE_INTERVAL limit then we refresh the catalog.
When the catalog is refreshed, we determine the publication date for each dataset on the server, and if any local copies you may have are now obsolete we will remove them to force a re-download from the server.
Usage¶
We have processed and reformatted publicly available global data sets (grids and images) and standardized their file names. In GMT, you may access such data (or a subset only by using the -R option) by specifying the special name
@remote_name_rru[_reg]
where the leading @ symbol identifies the file as a remote data set, the remote_name_ is specific to the dataset and the rr code is a 2-digit integer specifying the grid/image resolution in the unit u, where u is either d, m or s for arc degree, arc minute or arc second, respectively. Optionally, you can append _g or _p to specifically get the gridline-registered or pixel-registered version (if they both exist). If reg is not specified we will return the pixel-registered version unless only the gridline-registered file is available. If you do specify a specific registration and that version is not available you will get an error message. The codes for rru and the optional reg that are supported will be listed in the sections below describing each of the available data sets.
When used in plots (i.e., both when a region and map projection is selected to make an image) the data resolution is optional. If it is not given then we determine a data set resolution that will result in a final plot image dots-per-unit resolution that is the closest to the GMT_GRAPHICS_DPU default setting. This eliminates the need for the user to determine what grid resolution will give a nice-looking image and not create a bloated file that exceeds what the eye (or printers) can discern. Use grdcut with the -D option to inquire about the automatic resolution. Note: Grid processing tools require the data resolution to be specified since no plot is being generated.
Currently, GMT provides the following datasets (with their special names in parentheses)
Global Earth Relief Grids (
earth_relief)Global Earth Seafloor Crustal Age Grids (
earth_age)Global Earth Day/Night Images (
earth_dayandearth_night)Global Earth Mask Grids (
earth_mask)
Many of the remote datasets have a preferred, default color table that will be used unless you override that default by giving your desired CPT information.
Controlling the Process¶
There are several ways you can control the remote data process and the amount of space taken up by your own server directory:
You can select the GMT data server closest to you to minimize download time [GMT_DATA_SERVER].
You can set an upper limit on the file sizes that may be downloaded [GMT_DATA_SERVER_LIMIT].
You can turn off the automatic download temporarily [GMT_DATA_UPDATE_INTERVAL].
You can control how often GMT will refresh the catalog of information on your computer [GMT_DATA_UPDATE_INTERVAL]
You can clear the server directory, or perhaps just some subsets, any time via gmt clear.
Offline Usage¶
If you anticipate to be without an Internet connection (or have a very slow one), you can download all (or some) of the remote files prior to losing connection with the module gmtget. You can choose which data to download and limit it to node spacings larger or equal to a limit, and you can minimize space on your computer by requesting that any JPEG2000 tiles not be converted until GMT is accessing them. Here are some examples of usage. Download the entire cache directory used in examples and tests:
gmt get -Dcache
Get all the data for Earth but only for 1 arc minute and coarser, and leave tiles in JPEG2000 format:
gmt get -Ddata=earth -I1m -N
As shown in the tables below, the largest datasets may take some time to download the data from GMT server, so be patient!
File Compression¶
Typically, a dataset is released by the data provider in a single, high-resolution format. To optimize use of these data in GMT and to prevent download bottlenecks we have downsampled them via Cartesian Gaussian filtering to prevent aliasing while preserving the latitude-dependent resolution in the original grid or image. To improve responsiveness, the larger files (i.e., currently for node spacings 05m and smaller) have been split into smaller tiles. When the 06m or lower resolution files are accessed the first time we download the entire file, regardless of your selected region (-R). However, for the tiled data sets we only download the tiles that intersect your selected region the first time they are referenced.
Single grids are provided as netCDF-4 maximum-lossless compressed short int grids, making the files much smaller than their original source files without any loss of precision. To minimize download speed, the dataset tiles are all stored as JPEG2000 images on the GMT server due to superior compression, but once downloaded to your server directory they are converted to the same short int compressed netCDF4 format for easier access. This step uses our GDAL bridge and thus requires that you have built GMT with GDAL support and that your GDAL distribution was built with openjpeg support.
Histogram of compression rates for the SRTM 1x1 arc second tiles. 100% reflects the full short integer size of an uncompressed tile (~25 Mb). As can be seen, on average a JPEG2000 tile is only half the size of the corresponding fully compressed (level 9) netCDF short int grid. This is why we have chosen the JP2 format for tiles on the server.¶
Cache File Updates¶
Remote cache files are our collection of miscellaneous files that are used throughout the GMT examples, man pages, and test suite. There is no system nor catalog and files come and go as we need them. The cache files are subject to similar rules as the remote data set when it comes to refreshing or deleting them. If any of these files is precious to you we suggest you make a copy somewhere.
Getting a single grid¶
Should you need a single grid from any of our tiled dataset, e.g., to feed into other programs that do not depend on GMT, you can create that via grdcut. For instance, to make a global grid from the eight tiles that make up the 2m x 2m gridline-registered data, try:
gmt grdcut @earth_relief_02m_g -Gearth_at_2m.grd -Rg
Finally, if you wish to determine the most suitable grid resolution that is adequate for making a map given a region and projection, you can inquire about this information by passing -D, e.g.:
gmt grdcut @earth_relief -R270/20/305/25+r -JOc280/25.5/22/69/24c -D -V > info.txt
or obtain the required subset grid directly via:
gmt grdcut @earth_relief -R270/20/305/25+r -JOc280/25.5/22/69/24c -Gsubset.grd -V
Global Earth Relief Grids¶
Usage - Global Earth Relief Grids¶
You access a global relief grid by specifying the special name
@earth_relief_rru[_reg]
The following codes for rru and the optional reg are supported (dimensions are listed for pixel-registered grids; gridline-registered grids increment dimensions by one):
Code |
Dimensions |
Reg |
Size |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
01d |
360 x 180 |
g,p |
128 KB |
1 arc degree global relief (SRTM15+V2.1 @ 111 km) |
30m |
720 x 360 |
g,p |
435 KB |
30 arc minute global relief (SRTM15+V2.1 @ 55 km) |
20m |
1080 x 540 |
g,p |
918 KB |
20 arc minute global relief (SRTM15+V2.1 @ 37 km) |
15m |
1440 x 720 |
g,p |
1.6 MB |
15 arc minute global relief (SRTM15+V2.1 @ 28 km) |
10m |
2160 x 1080 |
g,p |
3.4 MB |
10 arc minute global relief (SRTM15+V2.1 @ 18 km) |
06m |
3600 x 1800 |
g,p |
8.8 MB |
6 arc minute global relief (SRTM15+V2.1 @ 10 km) |
05m |
4320 x 2160 |
g,p |
13 MB |
5 arc minute global relief (SRTM15+V2.1 @ 9 km) |
04m |
5400 x 2700 |
g,p |
19 MB |
4 arc minute global relief (SRTM15+V2.1 @ 7.5 km) |
03m |
7200 x 3600 |
g,p |
33 MB |
3 arc minute global relief (SRTM15+V2.1 @ 5.6 km) |
02m |
10800 x 5400 |
g,p |
71 MB |
2 arc minute global relief (SRTM15+V2.1 @ 3.7 km) |
01m |
21600 x 10800 |
g,p |
258 MB |
1 arc minute global relief (SRTM15+V2.1 @ 1.9 km) |
30s |
43200 x 21600 |
g,p |
935 MB |
30 arc second global relief (SRTM15+V2.1 @ 1.0 km) |
15s |
86400 x 43200 |
p |
3.2 GB |
15 arc second global relief (SRTM15+V2.1) |
03s |
432000 x 216000 |
g |
6.8 GB |
3 arc second global relief (SRTM3S) |
01s |
1296000 x 432000 |
g |
41 GB |
1 arc second global relief (SRTM1S) |
All of these data will, when downloaded, be placed in your ~/.gmt/server directory, with
the earth_relief files being placed in an earth/earth_relief sub-directory. If you
do not specify a CPT then this dataset default to the GMT master geo.
Technical Information - Global Earth Relief Grids¶
As you see, the 30s and lower resolutions are all derivatives of Scripps’ SRTM15+V2.1 grid (Tozer et al., 2019). We have downsampled it via Cartesian Gaussian filtering to prevent aliasing while preserving the latitude-dependent resolution in the original 15 arc sec grid. The full (6 sigma) filter-widths are indicated in parenthesis. The 3 and 1 arc second data are the SRTM 1x1 degree tiles from NASA. Note: The 3 and 1 arc second grids only extend to latitudes ±60˚ and are only available over land. When these grids are accessed as @earth_relief_01s or @earth_relief_03s we will automatically up-sample the relevant @earth_relief_15s tiles to fill in the missing ocean values. If you just want the original land-only SRTM tiles you may use the special names @srtm_relief_03s or @srtm_relief_01s instead. Almost all grids are available in both gridline- and pixel-registered formats except the original pixel-registered SRTM15+V2.1 (here called @earth_relief_15s) and the gridline-registered SRTM tiles.
Data References - Global Earth Relief Grids¶
SRTM15+V2.1 [http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019EA000658].
SRTMGL3 tiles: [https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/srtmgl3v003].
SRTMGL1 tiles: [https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/srtmgl1v003].
Global Earth Seafloor Crustal Age Grids¶
Numerous geodynamic and geophysical studies consider both the seafloor depth and the seafloor crustal age. EarthByte has pioneered the creation of crustal age grids since 1997 and we offer their latest version for remote use in GMT.
Usage - Global Earth Seafloor Crustal Age Grids¶
You access a global crustal age grid by specifying the special name
@earth_age_rru[_reg]
The following codes for rru and the optional reg are supported (dimensions are listed for pixel-registered grids; gridline-registered grids increment dimensions by one):
Code |
Dimensions |
Reg |
Size |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
01d |
360 x 180 |
g,p |
125 KB |
1 arc degree global seafloor ages (1 min @ 111 km) |
30m |
720 x 360 |
g,p |
402 KB |
30 arc minute global relief (1 min @ 55 km) |
20m |
1080 x 540 |
g,p |
827 KB |
20 arc minute global relief (1 min @ 37 km) |
15m |
1440 x 720 |
g,p |
1.4 MB |
15 arc minute global relief (1 min @ 28 km) |
10m |
2160 x 1080 |
g,p |
2.9 MB |
10 arc minute global relief (1 min @ 18 km) |
06m |
3600 x 1800 |
g,p |
7.3 MB |
6 arc minute global relief (1 min @ 10 km) |
05m |
4320 x 2160 |
g,p |
10 MB |
5 arc minute global relief (1 min @ 9 km) |
04m |
5400 x 2700 |
g,p |
15 MB |
4 arc minute global relief (1 min @ 7.5 km) |
03m |
7200 x 3600 |
g,p |
26 MB |
3 arc minute global relief (1 min @ 5.6 km) |
02m |
10800 x 5400 |
g,p |
56 MB |
2 arc minute global relief (1 min @ 3.7 km) |
01m |
21600 x 10800 |
g,p |
188 MB |
1 arc minute global relief (1 min original) |
All of these data will, when downloaded, be placed in your ~/.gmt/server directory, with
the earth_age files being placed in an earth/earth_age sub-directory. If you do not
specify a CPT, the default CPT for this data set will be used (@age_chrons_GTS2012_2020.cpt)
Technical Information - Global Earth Seafloor Crustal Age Grids¶
We scale and reformat the original data to take up very little space so that downloads from the servers are as fast as possible. For the seafloor crustal age grid this means we chose 0.01 My as the smallest data unit, which is well below the uncertainties in the model. Data are scaled and shifted to fit in a short integer grid that is highly compressed by netCDF lossless compression and chunking. The data are reported in Myr relative to the 2012 Geological Time Scale.
Data References - Global Earth Seafloor Crustal Age Grids¶
Seton et al., 2020: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009214].
Global Earth Day/Night Images¶
We serve two NASA image products: The Blue and Black marble mosaics. We have filtered and downsampled those as well at the same resolutions that are available for the Earth DEMs. However, all images are pixel-registered only. These images may be plotted with grdimage or grdview and manipulated by grdmix. The above example mixes both images according to a day-night mask and adds illumination from a corresponding Earth DEM.
Usage - Global Earth Day/Night Images¶
You access a global daytime image by specifying the special names
@earth_day_rru
Similarly for the nighttime view:
@earth_night_rru
The following codes for rru and the optional reg are supported (dimensions are listed for pixel-registered grids; gridline-registered grids increment dimensions by one):
Code |
Dimensions |
Size |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|
01d |
360 x 180 |
128 KB |
1 arc degree image view (Blue|Black Marble mosaic @ 111 km) |
30m |
720 x 360 |
435 KB |
30 arc minute image view (Blue|Black Marble mosaic @ 55 km) |
20m |
1080 x 540 |
918 KB |
20 arc minute image view (Blue|Black Marble mosaic @ 37 km) |
15m |
1440 x 720 |
1.6 MB |
15 arc minute image view (Blue|Black Marble mosaic @ 28 km) |
10m |
2160 x 1080 |
3.4 MB |
10 arc minute image view (Blue|Black Marble mosaic @ 18 km) |
06m |
3600 x 1800 |
8.8 MB |
6 arc minute image view (Blue|Black Marble mosaic @ 10 km) |
05m |
4320 x 2160 |
13 MB |
5 arc minute image view (Blue|Black Marble mosaic @ 9 km) |
04m |
5400 x 2700 |
19 MB |
4 arc minute image view (Blue|Black Marble mosaic @ 7.5 km) |
03m |
7200 x 3600 |
33 MB |
3 arc minute image view (Blue|Black Marble mosaic @ 5.6 km) |
02m |
10800 x 5400 |
71 MB |
2 arc minute image view (Blue|Black Marble mosaic @ 3.7 km) |
01m |
21600 x 10800 |
258 MB |
1 arc minute image view (Blue|Black Marble mosaic @ 1.9 km) |
30s |
43200 x 21600 |
935 MB |
30 arc second image view (Blue|Black Marble mosaic original) |
All of these images will, when downloaded, be placed in your ~/.gmt/server director under
the earth/earth_day and earth/earth_night sub-directories.
Technical Information - Global Earth Day/Night Images¶
The 01m and lower resolution images are derivatives of NASA’s Blue and Black marble image mosaics. We have downsampled them via Cartesian Gaussian filtering to prevent aliasing while preserving the latitude-dependent resolution in the original images. The full (6 sigma) filter-widths are indicated in parenthesis. The dimensions above reflect the number of nodes covered by the global images and the sizes refer to the geotiff files on the remote server. Note: This data set is experimental and the format and delivery is likely to change in the future (e.g., via image tiles). To make the files as small as possible we have also downgraded them from 24-bit to 8-bit indexed images.
Data References - Global Earth Day/Night Images¶
Blue Marble [https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/images/57752/blue-marble-land-surface-shallow-water-and-shaded-topography].
Black Marble: [https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/NightLights/page3.php].
Global Earth Mask Grids¶
Many users need ocean/land mask grids to isolate features that should only be set over the ocean or on land. While you can prevent such areas from being plotted via the clipping in coast, you may still want to perform calculations on gridded data and apply masks via grdmath. Such mask grids can be computed via grdlandmask but they can take a long time to compute for large regions, the full GSHHG resolution, and small grid spacings. For these reasons we offer precalculated mask grids via the remote server mechanism.
Usage - Global Earth Mask Grids¶
You access a global mask grid by specifying the special name
@earth_mask_rru[_reg]
The following codes for rru and the optional reg are supported (dimensions are listed for pixel-registered grids; gridline-registered grids increment dimensions by one):
Code |
Dimensions |
Reg |
Size |
Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
01d |
360 x 180 |
g,p |
20 KB |
1 arc degree global mask (skip features < 12364 km^2) |
30m |
720 x 360 |
g,p |
24 KB |
30 arc minute global mask (skip features < 3091 km^2) |
20m |
1080 x 540 |
g,p |
30 KB |
20 arc minute global mask (skip features < 1374 km^2) |
15m |
1440 x 720 |
g,p |
35 KB |
15 arc minute global mask (skip features < 773 km^2) |
10m |
2160 x 1080 |
g,p |
57 KB |
10 arc minute global mask (skip features < 343 km^2) |
06m |
3600 x 1800 |
g,p |
106 KB |
6 arc minute global mask (skip features < 124 km^2) |
05m |
4320 x 2160 |
g,p |
117 KB |
5 arc minute global mask (skip features < 86 km^2) |
04m |
5400 x 2700 |
g,p |
149 KB |
4 arc minute global mask (skip features < 55 km^2) |
03m |
7200 x 3600 |
g,p |
209 KB |
3 arc minute global mask (skip features < 31 km^2) |
02m |
10800 x 5400 |
g,p |
393 KB |
2 arc minute global mask (skip features < 14 km^2) |
01m |
21600 x 10800 |
g,p |
998 KB |
1 arc minute global mask (skip features < 3 km^2) |
30s |
43200 x 21600 |
g,p |
2.6 MB |
30 arc second global mask (skip features < 1 km^2) |
15s |
86400 x 43200 |
g,p |
7.5 MB |
15 arc second global (all features) |
All of these data will, when downloaded, be placed in your ~/.gmt/server directory, with
the Earth mask files being placed in an earth/earth_mask sub-directory.
Technical Information - Global Earth Mask Grids¶
Given that GSHHG contains 5 levels (ocean, land, lake, island-in-lake, pond-in-island-in-lake) corresponding to levels 0-4, the mask grids were computed to reflect those 5 levels. This means that if you only want a mask for the ocean or one for wet versus dry, you will need to run a simple grdmath command to adjust the mask for your use. We give some common examples here. To create a gridline-registered mask that is 0 in the ocean and 1 everywhere else (even in lakes, etc.), try:
gmt grdmath @earth_mask_01m_g 0 GT = ocean_land.grd
To make a pixel-registered mask that has NaNs on land and 1 in the oceans, use:
gmt grdmath @earth_mask_01m_p 0 LE 0 NAN = land_NaN.grd
Finally, to make a pixel-registered mask that is 1 for lakes and NaN elsewhere, try:
gmt grdmath @earth_mask_01m 2 EQ 0 NAN = lakes_and_NaN.grd